Somewhat tangential, but can anyone explain or give any insight into how candles were invented? This has always puzzled me. The idea that if you put a piece of string in some wax, and light it on fire, the string will get hot enough to melt wax, and the molten wax will be sucked into it by capillary action, and burn, before the string itself burns, seems very counterintuitive and hard to come up with before a modern understanding of chemistry and physics. And yet, candles have apparently existed since 700 BC. How?
Pure speculation, but I would guess people first mixed wax and lamp oil in different ways to still get the burning effect of oil, with less of the cost of the oil, then added a wick to help light the oil/wax.
Then eventually that product morphed over time to the point where they realized the oil wasn't actually a necessary component
Good idea, it sounds plausible! But it still leaves open the question of how oil lamps were invented. How did someone figure out that a wick would be helpful?
Rope was around long before the wick. It seems conceivable that rope shavings or pieces or old rope were an easy way to start a fire.
This was then used with oil to make an even better fire starter or means of transferring fire. Eventually someone realises that a rope soaking in oil is easily lit and sustains a flame.
Before wicks, how do you burn oil? It's not easy to just ignite a bucket of lamp oil (putting aside what you might make the bucket out of). Probably you soak other fuel like wood or rags in the oil and burn the result. It's not a huge step from there to accidentally find out that you can make do with one piece of wood or cloth or string for a lot of oil, assuming you have something to put the oil in.
1. Someone dips a rope in flammable oil before lighting it, and sees that it's quite flammable.
2. Some other time, someone tries to use a rope dipped in flammable oil as a fuse to trigger the lighting of the oil once it burns back to the oil
3. They notice that the fuse keeps burning but doesn't burn back - in other words, the wicking effect
4. They shorten the rope and reshape the pot, and that's an oil lamp.
The first oil-lamps were basically a bowl with animal-fat and plant parts as wick. It's not hard to imagine how ten thousands years ago a hunting tribe could discover such a device by accident or on purpose.
Because the people from 700 BC were just as smart as we are. Observing the world around you is one of the best sources for ideas and there are predecessors to 'real' candles that must have fertilized the ground for the discovery. For instance, a stick dipped in rendered fat could serve as a torch. Not quite a candle but a significant step on the way there.
